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Mar. 9th, 2020
If you have animals, COVID19 info from CDC
Mar. 9th, 2020 10:45 amhttps://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/interim-guidance-managing-people-in-home-care-and-isolation-who-have-pets.html "At this time, there is no evidence that companion animals, including pets, can spread COVID-19."
" Description
Michelson Found Animals Adopt & Shop is a unique store with a mission – Saving Pets. Enriching Lives. We offer pet adoptions, pet supplies, grooming and dog daycare, all in one location. All of our pets come from local shelters and as a nonprofit, all of the sales go back into programs to save more pets. Join us in making a difference for pets and pet owners!
Monitor and interact with our furry friends ensuring their safety while in our care.
Facilitate playgroups with the pups. Observe the dogs at all times and spread attention equally to each animal.
Create and maintain solid lines of communication with the Services Manager and other Associates. Give us the 4-1-1!
Request back-up coverage prior to leaving the playgroup floor.
Make sure that our Daycare area is squeaky-clean by cleaning up after our pups and sanitizing surfaces.
If an incident occurs, complete a dog incident report in a timely manner, when required.
Drive sales by educating our customers on “Why we do what we do!”. Tell them about how Adopt & Shop is the pet store with a purpose and that shopping with us saves lives.
Deliver exceptional customer service to all guests who enter the Adopt & Shop.
Work closely with our rockstar volunteers. You’ll be their guide, helping to direct, train, and provide leadership along with our Volunteer Management Team.
Define a positive, fun, and safe environment for all volunteers by creating a strong culture of collaboration and communication. Like we said - that’s they way we work best.
Take on diverse responsibilities to help our volunteers grow in their skillsets. Be a part of program development, fostering volunteer leadership roles and volunteer recognition.
Stay informed with what is going on at Adopt & Shop, through the communication tools provided within the store.
Have a cheerful heart and be passionate about our mission.
Learn something new every. single. day. Not learning is sooo last year.
Do your job to the best of your ability, understanding that you are saving lives everyday.
Requirements
Essential Functions:
Regularly lift and/or move up to 20 lbs.
Occasionally lift and/or move up to 50 lbs.
Reasonable accommodations will be made to enable individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions.
You Gotta:
Have a high school diploma or equivalent.
Have animal handling experience in an animal shelter, veterinary office, training or boarding facility.
Be comfortable handling all sizes and breeds of dogs.
Have knowledge of dog health related issues and be able to recognize when our furry friends are not acting like themselves.
Have some knowledge of the Los Angeles area shelters and rescues. It isn’t required but it would sure be awesome!
Know what the H-E-Double Hockey Sticks you’re doing when you’re using GSuite.
Be accepting and welcoming of change, knowing that change is an opportunity to improve.
Must love puppies & kittens. But, really, who doesn’t?
Be a multi-tasking Guru when it comes to juggling many different projects at a time.
Be able to communicate effectively with all types of people and pets (and if you can actually talk to pets - let us know your secret. We’ve been trying for years!).
A burning desire to make a difference and save the lives of pets."
https://recruiting.paylocity.com/Recruiting/Jobs/Details/239008
Michelson Found Animals Adopt & Shop is a unique store with a mission – Saving Pets. Enriching Lives. We offer pet adoptions, pet supplies, grooming and dog daycare, all in one location. All of our pets come from local shelters and as a nonprofit, all of the sales go back into programs to save more pets. Join us in making a difference for pets and pet owners!
Monitor and interact with our furry friends ensuring their safety while in our care.
Facilitate playgroups with the pups. Observe the dogs at all times and spread attention equally to each animal.
Create and maintain solid lines of communication with the Services Manager and other Associates. Give us the 4-1-1!
Request back-up coverage prior to leaving the playgroup floor.
Make sure that our Daycare area is squeaky-clean by cleaning up after our pups and sanitizing surfaces.
If an incident occurs, complete a dog incident report in a timely manner, when required.
Drive sales by educating our customers on “Why we do what we do!”. Tell them about how Adopt & Shop is the pet store with a purpose and that shopping with us saves lives.
Deliver exceptional customer service to all guests who enter the Adopt & Shop.
Work closely with our rockstar volunteers. You’ll be their guide, helping to direct, train, and provide leadership along with our Volunteer Management Team.
Define a positive, fun, and safe environment for all volunteers by creating a strong culture of collaboration and communication. Like we said - that’s they way we work best.
Take on diverse responsibilities to help our volunteers grow in their skillsets. Be a part of program development, fostering volunteer leadership roles and volunteer recognition.
Stay informed with what is going on at Adopt & Shop, through the communication tools provided within the store.
Have a cheerful heart and be passionate about our mission.
Learn something new every. single. day. Not learning is sooo last year.
Do your job to the best of your ability, understanding that you are saving lives everyday.
Requirements
Essential Functions:
Regularly lift and/or move up to 20 lbs.
Occasionally lift and/or move up to 50 lbs.
Reasonable accommodations will be made to enable individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions.
You Gotta:
Have a high school diploma or equivalent.
Have animal handling experience in an animal shelter, veterinary office, training or boarding facility.
Be comfortable handling all sizes and breeds of dogs.
Have knowledge of dog health related issues and be able to recognize when our furry friends are not acting like themselves.
Have some knowledge of the Los Angeles area shelters and rescues. It isn’t required but it would sure be awesome!
Know what the H-E-Double Hockey Sticks you’re doing when you’re using GSuite.
Be accepting and welcoming of change, knowing that change is an opportunity to improve.
Must love puppies & kittens. But, really, who doesn’t?
Be a multi-tasking Guru when it comes to juggling many different projects at a time.
Be able to communicate effectively with all types of people and pets (and if you can actually talk to pets - let us know your secret. We’ve been trying for years!).
A burning desire to make a difference and save the lives of pets."
https://recruiting.paylocity.com/Recruiting/Jobs/Details/239008
Veterinary Technician Culver City, CA
Mar. 9th, 2020 10:49 am" Description
About Us:
We love pets, but they aren’t the best arbiters for their own cause. Don’t worry, they’re not offended by that. They give us endless love, compassion, loyalty and cuddles. It’s our end of the bargain to give them food, shelter, protection and endless tummy rubs. That’s why it’s our mission to put pets in homes and keep them there - because all pets are meant to be with good people.
We are not your ordinary non-profit. We prefer to think of ourselves as an innovative and mission-driven social enterprise. If you can’t tell by now - we like to think outside of the box. And if you do too, we’ll probably be a great match. We are just regular people that have an extreme passion for pets and an idea to change the world for them. As a Vet Tech, you'll be responsible for the highest quality of care possible for patients pre and post spay/neuter surgery and for the wellness of all the animals in our care.
Requirements
Supervise and Operations:
Train and supervise staff in performing physical assessments, flow and monitoring of surgery patients and basic medical procedures
Along with the Animal Care Manager, develop policies and procedures to ensure efficient and effective operations and ensure their implementation and monitoring over time
Supervise spay/neuter surgeries (on average) 50 dogs and cats per week that are done through a 3rd party mobile unit. This includes the pre-operative, operative, and recovery process
Assist in overseeing care of animals and staff at multiple locations in LA county
Actively support staff; promote the development of skills related to the advancement of our goals and mission
Provide quality service to patients, volunteers, and staff, recognizing their individual contributions to the success of our organization
Maintain medical inventory and supplies
Develop policies and procedures to ensure efficient and effective operations and ensure their implementation and monitoring over time
Ensure compliance with DEA requirements
Supervise medical aspects of prepping animals for transport
Triage all patients as they are checked in. Report health concerns to Animal Care Manager and or veterinarian
Provide excellent patient care
Assist veterinarians in procedures
Maintain all necessary drug logs and patient records
Stay current in knowledge of emergency drugs and protocol
Perform basic lab tests using in house equipment (eg centrifuge)
Administer animal vaccinations, tests, medications and treatments as directed
Other duties as assigned
The ideal candidate would meet the following requirements:
Be experienced with basic veterinary medical concepts including but not limited to vaccine protocols, diseases management, anesthetic risks and euthanasia
Experience with overseeing a high volume of sick animals (eg - 30 ringworm kittens, UTI, giardia, etc.)
Able to communicate, in a professional manner, basic veterinary concepts to staff and be able to repeat information relayed by a veterinarian
Know animal behavior (for example: be able to identify aggressive or fearful behavior)
Be proficient at animal restraint for various procedures
Be available for emergency situations related to the care of an animal
Experience with performing basic lab tests
Possess an acceptable degree of dexterity in hands and fingers
Must have good vision including peripheral vision, fine detail, distance, depth perception
Ability to stand for long periods of time while performing work requiring concentration and manual dexterity
Lifting animals of all sizes, bending, stooping and walking on a daily basis"
https://recruiting.paylocity.com/Recruiting/Jobs/Details/249575
About Us:
We love pets, but they aren’t the best arbiters for their own cause. Don’t worry, they’re not offended by that. They give us endless love, compassion, loyalty and cuddles. It’s our end of the bargain to give them food, shelter, protection and endless tummy rubs. That’s why it’s our mission to put pets in homes and keep them there - because all pets are meant to be with good people.
We are not your ordinary non-profit. We prefer to think of ourselves as an innovative and mission-driven social enterprise. If you can’t tell by now - we like to think outside of the box. And if you do too, we’ll probably be a great match. We are just regular people that have an extreme passion for pets and an idea to change the world for them. As a Vet Tech, you'll be responsible for the highest quality of care possible for patients pre and post spay/neuter surgery and for the wellness of all the animals in our care.
Requirements
Supervise and Operations:
Train and supervise staff in performing physical assessments, flow and monitoring of surgery patients and basic medical procedures
Along with the Animal Care Manager, develop policies and procedures to ensure efficient and effective operations and ensure their implementation and monitoring over time
Supervise spay/neuter surgeries (on average) 50 dogs and cats per week that are done through a 3rd party mobile unit. This includes the pre-operative, operative, and recovery process
Assist in overseeing care of animals and staff at multiple locations in LA county
Actively support staff; promote the development of skills related to the advancement of our goals and mission
Provide quality service to patients, volunteers, and staff, recognizing their individual contributions to the success of our organization
Maintain medical inventory and supplies
Develop policies and procedures to ensure efficient and effective operations and ensure their implementation and monitoring over time
Ensure compliance with DEA requirements
Supervise medical aspects of prepping animals for transport
Triage all patients as they are checked in. Report health concerns to Animal Care Manager and or veterinarian
Provide excellent patient care
Assist veterinarians in procedures
Maintain all necessary drug logs and patient records
Stay current in knowledge of emergency drugs and protocol
Perform basic lab tests using in house equipment (eg centrifuge)
Administer animal vaccinations, tests, medications and treatments as directed
Other duties as assigned
The ideal candidate would meet the following requirements:
Be experienced with basic veterinary medical concepts including but not limited to vaccine protocols, diseases management, anesthetic risks and euthanasia
Experience with overseeing a high volume of sick animals (eg - 30 ringworm kittens, UTI, giardia, etc.)
Able to communicate, in a professional manner, basic veterinary concepts to staff and be able to repeat information relayed by a veterinarian
Know animal behavior (for example: be able to identify aggressive or fearful behavior)
Be proficient at animal restraint for various procedures
Be available for emergency situations related to the care of an animal
Experience with performing basic lab tests
Possess an acceptable degree of dexterity in hands and fingers
Must have good vision including peripheral vision, fine detail, distance, depth perception
Ability to stand for long periods of time while performing work requiring concentration and manual dexterity
Lifting animals of all sizes, bending, stooping and walking on a daily basis"
https://recruiting.paylocity.com/Recruiting/Jobs/Details/249575
" Description
Michelson Found Animals Adopt & Shop is a unique store with a mission – Saving Pets. Enriching Lives. We offer pet adoptions, pet supplies, grooming and dog daycare, all in one location. All of our pets come from local shelters and as a nonprofit, all of the sales go back into programs to save more pets. Join us in making a difference for pets and pet owners!
You Will:
Work closely with our rockstar volunteers. You’ll be their guide, helping to direct, train, and provide leadership along with our Volunteer Management Team.
Define a positive, fun, and safe environment for all volunteers by creating a strong culture of collaboration and communication. Like we said - that’s they way we work best.
Take on diverse responsibilities to help our volunteers grow in their skill-sets. Be a part of program development, fostering volunteer leadership roles and volunteer recognition.
Take world class care of our furry friends. It’s your niche. You’re comfortable with socializing, giving meds, and cleaning up when our furry friends make a mess. You’ll be a star if you can teach them to clean up after themselves.
Be on the lookout for safety and security risks. It’s your job to keep those tails waggin’ and those muzzles grinnin’.
Help out our vets when they are assessing our furry friends and giving them medicine.
Have a cheerful heart and be passionate about our mission.
Learn something new every. single. day. Not learning is sooo last year.
Do your job to the best of your ability, understanding that you are saving lives.
Be a leader. Speak up! We would love to hear your ideas.
Run from anyone that says you won’t succeed.
Requirements
Essential Functions:
Regularly lift and/or move up to 25 lbs.
Occasionally lift and/or move up to 50 lbs.
Reasonable accommodations will be made to enable individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions.
You Gotta:
Have a High School Diploma or equivalent.
Have animal handling experience in an animal shelter, veterinary office, training or boarding facility. Vet Tech experience isn’t required but it would surely knock our socks off!
Be comfortable handling all sizes and breeds of dogs and cats. You love working with tiny chihuahua’s and 110 pound great danes.
Have knowledge of cat and dog health related issues and be able to recognize when our furry friends are not acting like themselves.
Stay up to date on what’s going on in animal welfare.
Be accepting and welcoming of change. We view change as an opportunity to improve.
Be able to communicate effectively with all types of people and pets (and if you can actually talk to pets - let us know your secret. We’ve been trying for years!).
Love to be challenged and stretched. No, not literally.
A burning desire to make a difference and save the lives of pets."
https://recruiting.paylocity.com/Recruiting/Jobs/Details/226042
Michelson Found Animals Adopt & Shop is a unique store with a mission – Saving Pets. Enriching Lives. We offer pet adoptions, pet supplies, grooming and dog daycare, all in one location. All of our pets come from local shelters and as a nonprofit, all of the sales go back into programs to save more pets. Join us in making a difference for pets and pet owners!
You Will:
Work closely with our rockstar volunteers. You’ll be their guide, helping to direct, train, and provide leadership along with our Volunteer Management Team.
Define a positive, fun, and safe environment for all volunteers by creating a strong culture of collaboration and communication. Like we said - that’s they way we work best.
Take on diverse responsibilities to help our volunteers grow in their skill-sets. Be a part of program development, fostering volunteer leadership roles and volunteer recognition.
Take world class care of our furry friends. It’s your niche. You’re comfortable with socializing, giving meds, and cleaning up when our furry friends make a mess. You’ll be a star if you can teach them to clean up after themselves.
Be on the lookout for safety and security risks. It’s your job to keep those tails waggin’ and those muzzles grinnin’.
Help out our vets when they are assessing our furry friends and giving them medicine.
Have a cheerful heart and be passionate about our mission.
Learn something new every. single. day. Not learning is sooo last year.
Do your job to the best of your ability, understanding that you are saving lives.
Be a leader. Speak up! We would love to hear your ideas.
Run from anyone that says you won’t succeed.
Requirements
Essential Functions:
Regularly lift and/or move up to 25 lbs.
Occasionally lift and/or move up to 50 lbs.
Reasonable accommodations will be made to enable individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions.
You Gotta:
Have a High School Diploma or equivalent.
Have animal handling experience in an animal shelter, veterinary office, training or boarding facility. Vet Tech experience isn’t required but it would surely knock our socks off!
Be comfortable handling all sizes and breeds of dogs and cats. You love working with tiny chihuahua’s and 110 pound great danes.
Have knowledge of cat and dog health related issues and be able to recognize when our furry friends are not acting like themselves.
Stay up to date on what’s going on in animal welfare.
Be accepting and welcoming of change. We view change as an opportunity to improve.
Be able to communicate effectively with all types of people and pets (and if you can actually talk to pets - let us know your secret. We’ve been trying for years!).
Love to be challenged and stretched. No, not literally.
A burning desire to make a difference and save the lives of pets."
https://recruiting.paylocity.com/Recruiting/Jobs/Details/226042
Groomer/part-time Culver City, CA
Mar. 9th, 2020 10:53 am" Description
About Us: Michelson Found Animals Adopt & Shop is a unique store with a mission – Saving Pets. Enriching Lives. We offer pet adoptions, pet supplies, grooming and dog daycare, all in one location. All of our pets come from local shelters and as a nonprofit, all of the sales go back into programs to save more pets. Join us in making a difference for pets and pet owners!
We are not your ordinary non-profit. We prefer to think of ourselves as an innovative and mission-driven social enterprise. If you can’t tell by now - we like to think outside of the box. And if you do too, we’ll probably be a great match. We are just regular people that have an extreme passion for pets and an idea to change the world for them. In this position, you’ll get to work with a lot of people, pets, and personalities. That means bringing your A-game to work - because there probably won’t be a dull moment. You’ll get to make sure that all client pets return home feeling pampered and looking fabulous.
Requirements
Responsibilities:
Make sure that all groomed pets leave Adopt & Shop are lookin’ spiffy.
Help out with scheduling of grooming appointments, and maintaining our records.
Have a cheerful heart and be passionate about our mission.
Learn something new every. single. day. Not learning is sooo last year.
Do your job to the best of your ability, understanding that you are saving lives.
Be a leader. Speak up! We would love to hear your ideas.
Run from anyone that says you won’t succeed.
Requirements:
High School Diploma or equivalent.
3 years of experience in grooming.
Be available to work nights and weekends if needed.
You must be comfortable working with all of our furry friends - big and small!
Be a multi-tasking Ninja when it comes to juggling multiple tasks at once.
Be accepting and welcoming of change. We view change as an opportunity to improve.
Be able to communicate effectively with all types of people and pets (and if you can actually talk to pets - let us know your secret. We’ve been trying for years!).
Love to be challenged and stretched. No, not literally.
A burning desire to make a difference and save the lives of pets.
Essential Functions:
Regularly lift and/or move up to 35 lbs.
Occasionally lift and/or move up to 50 lbs.
Occasionally lift and/or move up to 50+ lbs. "
https://recruiting.paylocity.com/Recruiting/Jobs/Details/215908
About Us: Michelson Found Animals Adopt & Shop is a unique store with a mission – Saving Pets. Enriching Lives. We offer pet adoptions, pet supplies, grooming and dog daycare, all in one location. All of our pets come from local shelters and as a nonprofit, all of the sales go back into programs to save more pets. Join us in making a difference for pets and pet owners!
We are not your ordinary non-profit. We prefer to think of ourselves as an innovative and mission-driven social enterprise. If you can’t tell by now - we like to think outside of the box. And if you do too, we’ll probably be a great match. We are just regular people that have an extreme passion for pets and an idea to change the world for them. In this position, you’ll get to work with a lot of people, pets, and personalities. That means bringing your A-game to work - because there probably won’t be a dull moment. You’ll get to make sure that all client pets return home feeling pampered and looking fabulous.
Requirements
Responsibilities:
Make sure that all groomed pets leave Adopt & Shop are lookin’ spiffy.
Help out with scheduling of grooming appointments, and maintaining our records.
Have a cheerful heart and be passionate about our mission.
Learn something new every. single. day. Not learning is sooo last year.
Do your job to the best of your ability, understanding that you are saving lives.
Be a leader. Speak up! We would love to hear your ideas.
Run from anyone that says you won’t succeed.
Requirements:
High School Diploma or equivalent.
3 years of experience in grooming.
Be available to work nights and weekends if needed.
You must be comfortable working with all of our furry friends - big and small!
Be a multi-tasking Ninja when it comes to juggling multiple tasks at once.
Be accepting and welcoming of change. We view change as an opportunity to improve.
Be able to communicate effectively with all types of people and pets (and if you can actually talk to pets - let us know your secret. We’ve been trying for years!).
Love to be challenged and stretched. No, not literally.
A burning desire to make a difference and save the lives of pets.
Essential Functions:
Regularly lift and/or move up to 35 lbs.
Occasionally lift and/or move up to 50 lbs.
Occasionally lift and/or move up to 50+ lbs. "
https://recruiting.paylocity.com/Recruiting/Jobs/Details/215908
COVID19 novel coronavirus Sticky Post#2
Mar. 9th, 2020 10:56 amhttps://kay-mulan.dreamwidth.org/tag/health:+novelcoronavirus has some pertinent and current information about COVID19
South Main Fire
Mar. 9th, 2020 11:03 amSouth Main Fire near South Main Divide and Hacienda Road, El Cariso in Riverside County is now 20 acres and 100% contained.
'retweet' @ cal_fire, @ calfire_pio
'retweet' @ cal_fire, @ calfire_pio
(no subject)
Mar. 9th, 2020 11:17 amPresident Trump, Sir, Centers For Disease Control says this on the website: "A diagnosis with coronavirus 229E, NL63, OC43, or HKU1 is not the same as a COVID-19 diagnosis. Patients with COVID-19 will be evaluated and cared for differently than patients with common coronavirus diagnosis." Could killed coronavirus 229E, killed coronavirus NL63, killed coronavirus OC43, be utilised into a COVID19 novel coronavirus vaccine? Could persons who survive coronavirus 229E, coronavirus NL63, coronavirus OC43 be able to survive COVID19 novel coronavirus better and have antibodies that could be utilised for a COVID19 novel coronavirus vaccine? Speaker Paul Ryan, Narendra Modi, Imran Khan (official), Emmanuel Macron, Benjamin Netanyahu - בנימין נתניהו
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SBBhyMYnwCw
If this were on KROQ and on KIIS FM those two stations would join the land of the saved?
If this were on KROQ and on KIIS FM those two stations would join the land of the saved?
(no subject)
Mar. 9th, 2020 01:07 pmThe prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the cerebral cortex covering the front part of the frontal lobe. This brain region has been implicated in planning complex cognitive behavior, personality expression, decision making, and moderating social behaviour.Jan 4, 2017
Prefrontal Cortex | The Science of Psychotherapy
www.thescienceofpsychotherapy.com
~
a·myg·da·la
/əˈmiɡdələ/
nounANATOMY
a roughly almond-shaped mass of gray matter inside each cerebral hemisphere, involved with the experiencing of emotions.
Oxford
~
Hippocampus is a complex brain structure embedded deep into temporal lobe. It has a major role in learning and memory. It is a plastic and vulnerable structure that gets damaged by a variety of stimuli.
Hippocampus in health and disease: An overview - NCBI - NIH
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ...>pmc>articles>pmc3548359
Prefrontal Cortex | The Science of Psychotherapy
www.thescienceofpsychotherapy.com
~
a·myg·da·la
/əˈmiɡdələ/
nounANATOMY
a roughly almond-shaped mass of gray matter inside each cerebral hemisphere, involved with the experiencing of emotions.
Oxford
~
Hippocampus is a complex brain structure embedded deep into temporal lobe. It has a major role in learning and memory. It is a plastic and vulnerable structure that gets damaged by a variety of stimuli.
Hippocampus in health and disease: An overview - NCBI - NIH
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ...>pmc>articles>pmc3548359
(no subject)
Mar. 9th, 2020 01:13 pmThe somatoform disorders are a group of psychological disorders in which a patient experiences physical symptoms that are inconsistent with or cannot be fully explained by any underlying general medical or neurologic condition.Mar 4, 2014
http://emedicine.medscape.com >article>918628overview
http://emedicine.medscape.com >article>918628overview
"For example, when
exposed to prolonged or acute stress, areas of the
brain such as the hippocampus, amygdala and
prefrontal cortex undergo structural changes that
have implications for mental health and cognitive
functioning, and can lead to mental disorders,
somatoform disorders or chronic illness, as well
as other physical conditions (10). In response to
stress, the immune system can be compromised,
exacerbating the spread of cancer and viral
infections. Sustained and acute elevated stress
levels have also been linked to cardiovascular
disease, hypertension, gastrointestinal disorders,
chronic pain, and the development of insulindependent diabetes (10). Stress during and around
the time of pregnancy has been linked with lowbirth-weight infants, as rising cortisol levels lead
to constriction of the blood vessels, limiting blood
flow to the uterus. Furthermore, the hypothalamic–
pituitary–adrenal response can trigger premature
labour and premature birth, through contractions of
the smooth muscle tissue in the uterus (11, 12).
In addition to the biological stress response,
there are behavioural and other risk factors that
also influence the link between intimate partner
violence and adverse health outcomes. Some
women try to manage the negative consequences
of abuse through the use of alcohol, prescription
medication, tobacco or other drugs (13, 14). Each
of these is an important risk factor for poor health,
and part of the complex link between exposures to
violence and other health risk factors that mediate
negative health outcomes.
An additional, less documented, but emerging
pathway relates to the psychological control
that defines many relationships in which partner
violence occurs. These controlling behaviours
relate to a series of ways in which male partners
might attempt to control and/or limit the behaviours
and social interactions of their female partners
(e.g., limiting social and family interactions,
insisting on knowing where she is at all times,
being suspicious of unfaithfulness, getting angry
if she speaks with another man, expecting
his permission for seeking health care). Such
controlling behaviour often co-occurs with physical
and sexual violence, and may be highly prevalent in
violent relationships. Emerging evidence suggests
that abusive partners who exhibit these behaviours
can limit women’s ability to control their sexual
and reproductive decision-making, their access
to health care, or their adherence to medications,
which can have adverse health effects.
As illustrated in Figure 1, the relationship between
exposures to violence and health effects is
complex. Intrinsic in many of these postulated
associations is the assumption that there are
intermediate pathways, such that violence might
increase the tendency to a particular risk behaviour
and that risk behaviour, in turn, increases the
likelihood of an adverse health outcome. The data
to date, however, are limited; they are mostly
cross-sectional and do not allow temporality or
causality to be determined."
World Health Organization, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, and South African Medical Research Council (2013). Global and regional estimates of violence against women: prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence.
exposed to prolonged or acute stress, areas of the
brain such as the hippocampus, amygdala and
prefrontal cortex undergo structural changes that
have implications for mental health and cognitive
functioning, and can lead to mental disorders,
somatoform disorders or chronic illness, as well
as other physical conditions (10). In response to
stress, the immune system can be compromised,
exacerbating the spread of cancer and viral
infections. Sustained and acute elevated stress
levels have also been linked to cardiovascular
disease, hypertension, gastrointestinal disorders,
chronic pain, and the development of insulindependent diabetes (10). Stress during and around
the time of pregnancy has been linked with lowbirth-weight infants, as rising cortisol levels lead
to constriction of the blood vessels, limiting blood
flow to the uterus. Furthermore, the hypothalamic–
pituitary–adrenal response can trigger premature
labour and premature birth, through contractions of
the smooth muscle tissue in the uterus (11, 12).
In addition to the biological stress response,
there are behavioural and other risk factors that
also influence the link between intimate partner
violence and adverse health outcomes. Some
women try to manage the negative consequences
of abuse through the use of alcohol, prescription
medication, tobacco or other drugs (13, 14). Each
of these is an important risk factor for poor health,
and part of the complex link between exposures to
violence and other health risk factors that mediate
negative health outcomes.
An additional, less documented, but emerging
pathway relates to the psychological control
that defines many relationships in which partner
violence occurs. These controlling behaviours
relate to a series of ways in which male partners
might attempt to control and/or limit the behaviours
and social interactions of their female partners
(e.g., limiting social and family interactions,
insisting on knowing where she is at all times,
being suspicious of unfaithfulness, getting angry
if she speaks with another man, expecting
his permission for seeking health care). Such
controlling behaviour often co-occurs with physical
and sexual violence, and may be highly prevalent in
violent relationships. Emerging evidence suggests
that abusive partners who exhibit these behaviours
can limit women’s ability to control their sexual
and reproductive decision-making, their access
to health care, or their adherence to medications,
which can have adverse health effects.
As illustrated in Figure 1, the relationship between
exposures to violence and health effects is
complex. Intrinsic in many of these postulated
associations is the assumption that there are
intermediate pathways, such that violence might
increase the tendency to a particular risk behaviour
and that risk behaviour, in turn, increases the
likelihood of an adverse health outcome. The data
to date, however, are limited; they are mostly
cross-sectional and do not allow temporality or
causality to be determined."
World Health Organization, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, and South African Medical Research Council (2013). Global and regional estimates of violence against women: prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence.
(e.g., limiting social and family interactions,
insisting on knowing where she is at all times,
being suspicious of unfaithfulness, getting angry
if she speaks with another man, expecting
his permission for seeking health care).
World Health Organization, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, and South African Medical Research Council (2013). Global and regional estimates of violence against women: prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence.
insisting on knowing where she is at all times,
being suspicious of unfaithfulness, getting angry
if she speaks with another man, expecting
his permission for seeking health care).
World Health Organization, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, and South African Medical Research Council (2013). Global and regional estimates of violence against women: prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence.
"can limit women’s ability to control their sexual
and reproductive decision-making, their access
to health care, or their adherence to medications,
which can have adverse health effects."
World Health Organization, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, and South African Medical Research Council (2013). Global and regional estimates of violence against women: prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence.
and reproductive decision-making, their access
to health care, or their adherence to medications,
which can have adverse health effects."
World Health Organization, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, and South African Medical Research Council (2013). Global and regional estimates of violence against women: prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence.
"Intrinsic in many of these postulated
associations is the assumption that there are
intermediate pathways, such that violence might
increase the tendency to a particular risk behaviour
and that risk behaviour, in turn, increases the
likelihood of an adverse health outcome. The data
to date, however, are limited; they are mostly
cross-sectional and do not allow temporality or
causality to be determined. More and different
kinds of research, such as longitudinal studies,
inclusion of biomarkers to measure health
outcomes, and properly controlling for potentially
confounding variables affecting the associations
found, are needed to be able to describe these
pathways and associations more conclusively."
World Health Organization, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, and South African Medical Research Council (2013). Global and regional estimates of violence against women: prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence.
associations is the assumption that there are
intermediate pathways, such that violence might
increase the tendency to a particular risk behaviour
and that risk behaviour, in turn, increases the
likelihood of an adverse health outcome. The data
to date, however, are limited; they are mostly
cross-sectional and do not allow temporality or
causality to be determined. More and different
kinds of research, such as longitudinal studies,
inclusion of biomarkers to measure health
outcomes, and properly controlling for potentially
confounding variables affecting the associations
found, are needed to be able to describe these
pathways and associations more conclusively."
World Health Organization, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, and South African Medical Research Council (2013). Global and regional estimates of violence against women: prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence.
+ Physical Trauma
+ Psychological Trauma/Stress
+ Fear and Control
+ Psychological Trauma/Stress
+ Fear and Control